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| 264 BC |
| | | A clash in Sicily, between Rome and Carthage, leads to the First Punic War | |
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| 260 BC |
| | | A Carthaginian quinquereme, captured by the Romans, is used as the model for the first Roman fleet - constructed in two months | |
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| 260 BC |
| | | The new Roman fleet wins a decisive victory over the Carthaginians at Mylae, thanks largely to the 'raven' (corvus in Latin) | |
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| 241 BC |
| | | A Roman naval victory at Trapani, off the northwest tip of Sicily, completes the blockade of the Carthaginians and ends the First Punic War | |
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| 241 BC |
| | | At the end of the First Punic War, Sicily becomes Rome's first overseas province | |
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| c. 240 BC |
| | | Spain, with its mines of gold, silver and copper, is a hotly disputed region between Carthage and Rome | |
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| 228 BC |
| | | Hamilcar Barca dies fighting in Spain, after establishing a strong Carthaginian presence in the peninusula | |
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| 227 BC |
| | | Sardinia and Corsica are annexed by Rome, becoming the second Roman overseas province | |
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| c. 225 BC |
| | | A treaty defines the Ebro river as the Spanish boundary between Carthage and Rome | |
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| 221 BC |
| | | Hannibal succeeds to the command of the Carthaginian forces in Spain, on the death of his brother-in-law Hasdrubal | |
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